/????: ??????/  16:02, May 02, 2016

???? 2 ???? 2016 /??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????.

????? ??? ????? ???? (1368-1644) ?????? (1644-1912)? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????.

??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????.

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????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ???? "??? ?? ??" (??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????)? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 600 ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

???? "??? ?? ??" ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????.

?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????.

?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1844 ?1867? ???? ??????? ?????????? "???????" ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????.

??? ??? 1933? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ((??? ???)) ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.